We are using MATLAB 2017a under a user-based “Individual License”. May we use the software on any number of devices?

No. The software may be licensed on a user-basis, however, the user may only use it on a certain device. To meet this requirement, the computer name will be retrieved during the installation process.

Source: Install, licensing, and activation guide_MathWorks_Matlab R2017a_as is 2017-11-02