How to license a Windows Server 2016 Standard/Datacenter if it is to be installed on a workstation?

As a general rule, a Windows Server 2016 installation needs to be covered by at least 16-Core licenses. Even if only one CPU is used, the minimal licensing amount of 16 cores needs to be met.

Source: Licensing Datasheet_Microsoft_Windows Server 2016_as is 2017-06-08